| Infertility is the inability to conceive;
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| | the physician aspirates cervical
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| it may be remedied. However, should the
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| | secretions with a long cannula. The woman
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| conditions persist, it is referred to as
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| | is to be instructed not to void, bathe,
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| sterility.
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| | or douche between coitus and the
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| In the United States, one out of every 8
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| | examination; a perineal pad is worn until
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| to 10 couples are childless because of
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| | she is placed in "lithotomy position" in
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| infertility; it is a major medical and
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| | the examining room. Aspirated material is
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| social problem. Both husband and wife are
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| | placed on a slide and examined under
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| urged to seek medical attention for
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| | microscope for presence and viability of
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| complete examinations and evaluation,
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| | sperm cells.
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| since almost as many men as women cause a
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| | Treatment
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| sterile marriage.
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| | The treatment of sterility is a difficult
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| It is usually recommended that the male
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| | matter, because it may be caused by a
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| be evaluated first, because tests for the
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| | combination of several factors. Efforts
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| female are more expensive and
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| | are made to build up the general health
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| time-consuming. Such tests may require
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| | of the patient, supplying lacking
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| the services of a urologist,
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| | glandular hormones as indicated.
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| gynecologist, endocrinologist, and
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| | Operative treatments include removal of
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| internist.
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| | obstructions and plastic operations to
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| In the female, the organs of reproduction
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| | restore tubal potency. Unfortunately,
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| and the glands influencing them are
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| | these are not too successful; in
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| evaluated. Among the causative factors
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| | addition, there is a high incidence of
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| may be displacement and tumors of the
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| | tubal pregnancy following such
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| uterus, genital infantilism, and
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| | operations.
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| inflammation. To allow fertilization of
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| | The psychic and social factors of
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| an ovum, it is necessary that the vagina,
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| | infertility must not be overlooked. Among
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| cervix, and uterus to be patent and have
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| | some religious groups and nationalities,
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| mucosal secretions receptive to the
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| | it is important to have blood
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| sperm. Semen is alkaline, as is cervical
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| | descendants; adopting children is not
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| secretion; normal vaginal secretion is
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| | acceptable in these families.
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| acid.
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| | In other family groups, the man's
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| Treatment is directed towards correcting
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| | virility, or woman's femininity are
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| the deficiencies encountered in the
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| | suspected when a couple fails to have
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| individual patient. The following tests
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| | children. Many pregnancies have occurred
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| assist the gynecologist in delimiting the
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| | after an infertile couple has adopted a
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| problem.
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| | child, moved to another location, or the
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| 1. Rubin test
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| | husband had a change of jobs.
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| This procedure is to determine the
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| | All of these things indicate that the
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| potency of the fallopian tubes by
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| | concepts behind infertility are not
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| introducing carbon dioxide through a
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| | absolute and concrete. There are
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| sterile canula into the uterus, into the
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| | instances that the information about this
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| tubes, and into the peritoneal cavity.
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| | particular problem may have underlying
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| By listening with a stethoscope on the
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| | causes that should not be blamed on the
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| abdomen, the physician may hear the gas
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| | inability of the person to conceive.
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| swishing into the abdomen. If the
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| | Boiled down, the problem on infertility
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| pressure gauge reaches 200 mm. of a
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| | is more of a social problem than a
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| mercury, an occlusion may be suspected.
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| | biological problem. It is not the aspect
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| 2. Salpinogram; Hysterosalpingogram
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| | of not being able to conceive that
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| A radiopaque substance is often used to
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| | persons involved are hesitant to disclose
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| determine the site of tubal obstruction;
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| | the matter.
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| an x-ray picture then shows the outline
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| | If it is more than just biological
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| of the tubal lumen.
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| | malady, then, it requires tough
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| 3. Hubner test
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| | solutions.
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| Within an hour or two after intercourse,
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