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The Art of Avian Medicine

In this article we discuss the tests thathealth is the profile; but a fecal float,
should be considered in a variety offecal smear, fecal gram stain, choana gram
different cases, or what we refer to as astain, and Chlamydia test may be recommended.
sick  bird  decision  tree.X-rays are extremely helpful in the
investigation  of  any  sick  bird.
First of all, is there any chance this could
be a contagious infectious disease? In orderBirds showing symptoms such as twitching,
for this to be the case, the bird must havedizziness, lethargy, seizures, falling, or
been around other birds in the relativelyeven lameness may be suffering from heavy
recent past. If, for instance, the bird wasmetal toxicity. Blood can be submitted to
just purchased from a pet store, it is verytest  for  Zinc  and  Lead  levels.
likely it came into contact with other birds
before or during its stay at the store makingChronically ill birds may have fungal
infectious  disease  more  likely.cultures or titers run. In many cases, the
use of Protein Electrophoresis is useful to
Has the bird been exposed to an environmentalcharacterize the nature of a chronic disease
toxin such as zinc or lead, or an inhaledprocess. Whenever we notice a swelling or
toxin  such  as  smoke  or  paint  fumes?lump, aspiration and cytology is recommended
to determine if there are tumor cells
What does the bird eat? Note that this ispresent.
frequently not the same as what the bird is
fed.  Could  the  illness  be  diet  related?Birds who are picking at themselves or who
have lesions on the skin may need a skin
Could  this  be  a  reproductive  problem?scraping,  impression  cytology,  or  biopsy
Is there any evidence of organ disease suchIf your bird has regurgitated or passed
as heart, liver, kidney, or pancreas? Couldundigested food, X-rays including a GI
there  be  a  mass  or  tumor?contrast study should be performed to screen
for Proventricular Dilatation Disease and
If the bird has been around other birds inother  diseases  that  cause  these symptoms.
the relatively recent past or is from a pet
store, bird auction, breeder, or aviaryBirds presenting with respiratory distress
within the last several months then testingshould be handled as little as possible. It
for infectious diseases comes first. Thisis possible to take X-rays, to
includes a fecal float, fecal smear, fecalTransilluminate the trachea, and to examine
gram stain, choana gram stain, Chlamydiathe interior of the trachea to check for
test, bacterial culture and sensitivity whenobstruction.
indicated, testing for other specific
infectious diseases when indicated, and aSneezing, swelling or redness around the face
blood count or profile (a profile includes aor eyes is an indication for irrigation of
complete blood count and a complete set ofthe nasal cavity and collection of samples
biochemical  tests).for wet mount, gram stain, culture, and
Chlamydia testing. Whenever indicated, we can
If the bird is being introduced into a homeperform endoscopy to examine the interior of
with other birds, an aviary, or a boardingthe trachea, abdomen, and air sacs for
facility, then testing for Polyomavirus andbiopsy,  culture,  or  cytology.
Psittacine Beak and Feather disease is also
included. This is true for especiallyWhether infections or non-infectious, the
valuable or expensive birds also. Sexing canmost common problems we see involve the
be submitted at the same time. WheneverGastrointestinal or Respiratory tract, are
infectious disease seems unlikely, the singlenutritional in nature, or have a behavior or
most useful test in assessing the bird'spsychological component.



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